Cholera happens to be among the illnesses that are considered major public health threats owing to the numerous incidences of deaths that have resulted from it across the globe. This study aimed to investigate the critical environmental factors that influence the presence of Vibrio cholera in the setting of Nairobi. This goal was accomplished by focusing on the review of information on the existing literature. The findings of the study revealed that virulence factors of the bacterium, water, temperature, pH, salinity, and conditions of hygiene. Salinity conditions where sodium chloride concentrations ranging from 0.2%-3%, electrical conductivity condition ranging from 119 to 1090 μS cm−1 , temperatures range of 17.90C to 400C, and pH conditions of between pH 5.0 and pH 9.88 were noted to be optimal for the survival of V. cholerae. Some of the measures that can be embraced to address cholera outbreak in Nairobi are improving infrastructure associated with water and sanitation, protecting the environment, conducing medical surveys, and adhering to hygiene measures. Embracing programmes aimed at instilling behavioural change and treatment of water prior to discharge into water bodies such as rivers are also encouraged.